血战钢锯岭国语

看完之后不敢相信，觉得好莱坞主旋律真敢吹啊……
上网一查，发现这片子居然大多数都是真的，而且历史上的戴斯蒙·道斯这人比电影更神，真英雄，也可以说是真二杆子……
道哥这人是标准红脖子，农民、拜上帝、估计投票只投共和党。他们家信的是个叫“基督复临安息日会”（Seventh-Day Aaventists, 根据‘不悔’的回帖修改）的小教会。他确实不肯用武器，但除了第六诫之外更多是因为童年阴影，他爹喝醉了差点毙了他舅舅，道哥看着老爹被警察带走，发誓绝不碰枪。



日本人偷袭珍珠港时道哥是船厂工人，确实有资格留在后方，但他还是入伍了；入伍后他确实拒绝碰枪，因为信（shen）仰（jing）被军法处置，他被定为“拒服兵役者”（conscientious objector），后来成为二战中唯一一个获得荣誉勋章的拒服兵役者。（2016-12-09编辑：勋章名字根据评论更正。）
钢锯岭的确是个400尺（一百多米）高的峭壁，美军登陆后确实在上面挂了个下船用的绳网当楼梯，电影里没演的是，那绳网是包括道哥在内的三个志愿者挂上去的。我猜他们本来想过把这段放在电影里的，所以之前拍了些道哥爬山的片段。


不过这不是最扯的，最扯的部分导演不敢拍。
当时美军攻上去后被日本人打了下去，电影里那段人海战术A过去拍得精彩，但其实太小看日本人。根据战报，日本人在山腹里构建了蜘蛛网一样的暗道和工事，放美国人上来然后立刻发动，美军其实是立足未稳、被日本人用火力拍垮的。
全军溃退后道哥不走，独自留下救人，开始无敌状态的表演。包括在火线上包扎、提血浆输血，从距离日军阵地只有不到十米的地方拖回来一个伤员。
最扯的是，他竟然在枪林弹雨里忙活了十几个小时而毫发无伤。事后还有自称狙击手的日本俘虏说在钢锯岭见过这个作死的卫生兵但每次冲他开枪子弹都会卡壳。
当时一片混乱，道哥救了多少人没人知道，他们营长要报一百，道哥自己谦虚说也就五十来个，双方最后妥协报了七十五人。
第二次攻打钢锯岭前他确实获准读经（因为是星期六，我试过理解他们那个教派非要在星期六做礼拜，结果发现自己英文其实不怎么样）。而这次美军成功拿下了钢锯岭，道哥忘了开挂、被手榴弹炸飞。也可能是星期六上班，他们教派的上帝生气了。
道哥被炸飞之后电影就算结束了，但是，在七十年前，道哥的表演还没有结束……
在被担架抬下去的路上，道哥自己滚下担架，因为发现了另一个伤员，他要把担架让给战友，然后自己走回了急救站，此时他腿上至少有十七块弹片，路上还被日军狙击手打了一枪。

不过，尽管梅尔吉布森各种打折收敛低调处理（天哪想不到我居然有一天会这么说梅尔吉布森），电影和现实的最大的不同仍（yong）然（yuan）是脸。
真实的道哥当然不是蜘蛛侠，他的画风是这样的……



不过道嫂长得还真不错，最难得的是人好：二战结束后伤兵满地走，伤残补助不高，道哥重伤后在医院进出了几年，之后一直无法全职工作，道嫂去考了护士牌养家（电影里这段是虚构的，其实两人是在教堂认识的）。

2016-12-08 补充：
关于野史中日本狙击手卡壳多少次的掰扯：

资料出处：http://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/hacksaw-ridge/

1、电影演员与真实人物原型



2、戴斯蒙德·道斯参军的原因
    "I felt like it was an honor to serve God and country," Desmond said. "We were fightin' for our religious liberty and freedom."
    为上帝与国家服务，为宗教与自由而战。

3、拒绝持枪的原因
    he refused to carry a weapon because of his personal and religious beliefs as a Seventh-day Adventist
    信奉基督复临安息日会。
     I wanna be like Christ go savin' life instead of takin' life and that's the reason I take up medicine."
    不要杀人，而是要像耶稣一样拯救世人。
    Desmond believed that his father would've killed his uncle (his mother's brother) if his mother hadn't stepped in. Desmond vowed that would be the last time he ever touched a gun.
    小时候看见父亲差点拿枪打死舅舅，从此发誓不碰枪。电影里舅舅的角色换成了母亲。

4、戴斯蒙德·道斯参军前就一直喜欢助人为乐吗？
    Yes. "He was always helpful to people," said his brother Harold
    哈尔·道斯的证实。
    Instead, Desmond took after his mother, Bertha Doss, who taught him about compassion, helping others, and the importance of following Christ.
    母亲教育他要有怜悯之心，帮助他人，信耶稣。
    His sister Audrey recalled a time when they were young and Desmond went the extra mile to help victims of an accident.
    他的sister奥黛丽的证实：徒步去3英里外的医院献血。献血这段电影里有拍出来。

5、现实中的多萝西是护士吗？
    Dorothy Schutte was not a nurse when she met Desmond. She didn't get her nursing degree until years later, after the war, when she needed to help support their family. Desmond's injuries and disabilities from the war left him unable to have a full-time job.
    起初不是，战后戴斯蒙德·道斯受伤无法全职工作，多萝西为了养家考取了护士资格。

6、现实中两人什么时候结的婚？
    The Hacksaw Ridge true story reveals that Desmond Doss married Dorothy Schutte on August 17, 1942, before going on active duty.
    两人第一次相遇于林奇堡的一间教堂，1942年8月17日两人结婚，和电影里不同的是，此时戴斯蒙德·道斯还没有前往部队服役。

7、因为拒服兵役而被送往conscientious objectors camp？
    Yes, but he tried to explain to the army that he still wanted to be in the military and do his part, just without having to kill.
    通过不断解释，最终留在了军队，但他仍然是conscientious objector。

8、现实中真的有被队友欺负吗？
    "You know, he'd say his prayers at night and everything, and some guys took their shoes and threw shoes at him and threw things at him, made fun of him right out in the open,"
    队友嘲笑他，扔鞋子，但是没有电影里掀床和殴打这些情节。
    After a month of being in the infantry, the army decided to grant him his wish and transferred him back to the medical corps.
    一个月后，他被转为医疗兵。

9、星期六拒绝工作？
    Yes. As a Seventh-day Adventist, he believed in an adherence to the Fourth Commandment, which says to keep the Sabbath day holy. This meant from sundown Friday until sundown Saturday, he devoted himself to prayer.
    是的，电影里也有讲到，是因为信教的原因，不过captain不同意他这样做。

10、Jack Glover（萨姆沃辛顿饰演的角色）希望戴斯蒙德·道斯离开营队？
     "and I suggested that, in my opinion, Doss should be transferred." It should be noted that after later fighting alongside Desmond, Jack Glover's opinion of him changed entirely. "
    是的，不过在一起并肩作战之后，Jack Glover改变了对他的看法，想不到他最后还救了Jack Glover一命。

11、召开听证会开除戴斯蒙德·道斯？
    Yes, as his officers grew less tolerant of his refusal to bear arms or work on Saturdays, they convened a meeting to discharge him on a Section 8 for mental instability.
    长官们召开听证会，希望以精神问题为由开除他。
    ' To me, I feel I'd be a very poor Christian to accept a Section 8 off my religion." Desmond told Colonel Cooney he would be just as good of a soldier as him. The officers relented and knew Washington would never approve a Section 8 solely on religious grounds.
    但是他们也知道，如果只是宗教原因，华盛顿方面是不可能赞成这次开除的，所以最后妥协了。

12、因为拒绝持枪的原因被威胁送上军事法庭？
    Yes, but things didn't escalate as far as they do in the movie. While training in the U.S., an officer by the name of Capt. Cunningham got into an argument with Desmond and told him only those men who participated in rifle training were allowed passes to go into town.
    没有电影里那么严重。Capt. Cunningham威胁把他送上军事法庭，但被另一名长官制止了。不过后来Capt. Cunningham没有批准他回家探亲的休假。

13、父亲出面找前任长官改变庭审结果？
    his father contacted the chairman of the church's War Service Commission in Washington, Carlyle B. Haynes. The chairman made a call to the regimental commander, Colonel Stephen S. Hamilton, asking if it was necessary for him to come investigate the situation with Desmond Doss.
    首先道斯没有被送上军事法庭，其次现实中是父亲联系了教会的一位主席，主管战争事务的，这位主席又联系了部队的团长，最后争取到了3天的探亲假。

14、上战场前和多萝西的见面以及离别？
    Yes. "When the train pulled out, I waved goodbye to her, and I tell you, it leaves you a very low feeling, knowing you may have seen your wife for the last time," recalled Desmond.
    和电影里一样感人，而且当火车驶经家门口时，戴斯蒙德·道斯将字条绑在砖头上扔给了在家门口伫立眺望的父亲。
    
15、救助日本兵？
    It seems likely that this is true, at least according to the stories told by some of his comrades who found an American bandage on an enemy soldier. "I don't know how bad the man was hit," said a fellow soldier, "but there was one found with a bandage on his arm, an American bandage."
    情况基本属实。可能有一些简单的包扎，但是并没有像电影里的那样将日本兵从悬崖上运下来。

16、美国进攻冲绳的原因
    A fact-check of the Hacksaw Ridge movie supports that the United States invaded the island of Okinawa in order to use the island as an air base for an invasion of mainland Japan
     攻下冲绳，作为一处空军基地来使用。

17、钢锯岭有多险恶？
    Okinawa's Maeda Escarpment is an approximately 350-foot high ridge that runs across most of the island of Okinawa. "The Japanese had been there for years," said the real Desmond Doss. "They had that mountain honeycombed and camouflaged, it looked like natural terrain. That's what we had to face."
    Maeda悬崖（电影中的钢锯岭）是一座横跨冲绳岛的山脊，高达350英尺（106米），日军在上面布满了暗道，并进行了伪装。

18、攀爬悬崖用的网
    Yes, and medic Desmond Doss was one of the three men who volunteered to go up the ridge and hang the cargo nets (something not shown in the movie). They were the same cargo nets that the men had used to climb down from the army personnel carriers into the landing crafts that took them ashore.
    就是运输船上用于攀爬的网，而且是由包括戴斯蒙德·道斯在内的三个人负责悬挂的，电影中并没有展现这一情节。

19、戴斯蒙德·道斯在战场上杀过日本兵吗？
    "Between me and my buddy was these hand grenades," said Desmond. "All I had to do was just pull the pin and I knew I had some Japanese." Realizing that taking out the enemy in the hole would protect his men from possible death, he later said that this was the greatest temptation of his life. "I thought of what I heard before, 'Thou shalt not kill.' God gave life and I didn't want to take life."
    感谢网友@Samuel回复，这里应该是没有杀日本兵。

20、医疗兵是日本军队的重点攻击目标吗？
    Yes. The Japanese focused on taking out medics in order to demoralize their enemy.
    医疗兵确实是日本军队的重点攻击对象之一，目的是为了打击美军的士气。电影里有提到这一段，他们把所有会表明医疗兵身份的标志都去掉了。

21、队友撤退之后，戴斯蒙德·道斯还留在钢锯岭上救人？
     "I had these men up there and I shouldn't leave 'em," said Desmond. "They were my buddies, some of the men had families, and they trust me. I didn't feel like I should value my life above my buddy's, so I decided to stay with them and take care of as many of them as I could. I didn't know how I was gonna do it."
    确实如此，因为戴斯蒙德·道斯不愿放弃这些出生入死的队友。

22、戴斯蒙德·道斯真的是用绳索将伤员一个一个地运下来的？
    Falling back on his experience helping rescue flood victims when he was younger, Doss fashioned a special sling that enabled him to lower the men one by one to safety.
    戴斯蒙德·道斯利用自己以前在西弗吉尼亚州救助灾民时的经验，将绳索做成特殊形状，最后将伤员一个一个地运送了下来。
    
23、戴斯蒙德·道斯险些死于战场，因日本兵开枪时卡壳而躲过一劫？
    While lowering the men down the ridge, the Japanese had a clear shot at Desmond Doss. Though it's not depicted in the movie, one Japanese soldier recalled having Desmond in his sights, but every time he went to fire, his gun jammed.
    戴斯蒙德·道斯在悬崖边运送伤员时被日本兵发现，但日本兵每次开枪都会出现卡壳的情况，只能说上帝在保佑他。

24、总共救了多少人？
    Doss estimated the number of lives he saved to be 50, but his commanding officer wanted to credit him with saving 100 lives, so they compromised at 75 (Library of Virginia).
    自己估计50人，长官给他邀功100人，最后取中间值75人。

24、在战场上救人时情况有多危险？
     "When you have explosions and bursts so close you can practically feel it, and not get wounded up there when I should have been killed a number of times. I know who I owe my life to as well as my men. That's why I like to tell this story to the glory of God, because I know from the human standpoint, I should not be here."
    身边多次近距离的爆炸，但最后死里逃生好几次。戴斯蒙德·道斯花费12小时时间救了75人，平均约每10分钟救出一人。

25、现实中在攻打钢锯岭前有读圣经的片段？
    Given that Desmond was the only medic left in B Company, he agreed to go but requested that he first be given time to read his Bible.
    还真有，读完圣经才攻打，结果成功拿下。

26、戴斯蒙德·道斯最后被手榴弹炸伤？
    So I just quickly took my left foot and threw it back to where I thought the grenade might be, and throw my head and helmet to the ground. And not more than half a second later, I felt like I was sailin' through the air. I was seein' stars I wasn't supposed to be seein', and I knew my legs and body were blown up.
    躲避及时，只是炸伤腿和身体，大白天看见了星星。

27、最后还被日本狙击手补了一枪？
    Desmond gave up his stretcher to the man, but while waiting for help to come back, he was wounded again, this time by a sniper's bullet that shattered his left arm.
    将担架让给他人，在等待救援时被日本狙击手的子弹击中左臂。

28、圣经在受伤后丢失了？
    Yes. In a letter home to his wife Dorothy, written on May 31, 1945, he informed her that while being treated on the hospital ship Mercy, he realized he had lost his little Bible when he was wounded.
    确实如此，不过最后被B连的兄弟给找回了。

29、为什么戴斯蒙德·道斯在持枪问题上毫不妥协？
    "I knew if I ever once compromised, I was gonna be in trouble," said Desmond, "because if you can compromise once, you can compromise again."
    坚持信仰不动摇。

30、战后的戴斯蒙德·道斯
    After WWII, Desmond received a modest pension from the military, but due to his disabilities from his injuries, his wife Dorothy got her nursing degree and had to work full-time to help with their income (in the movie she is already a nurse when they meet).
    They grew their own fruits and vegetables to help sustain themselves and eventually farmed the land. Desmond also worked part-time as a cabinetmaker and tried various other jobs that his health would allow, including raising tropical fish, door-to-door sales, and working as a maintenance man.
    战争致使戴斯蒙德·道斯的身体90%伤残，肋骨和肺损坏，花了五年半治疗，但过量的抗生素又使他失聪。后来多萝西做全职护士来养家，并且他们用保险金买了四亩地来支撑生活。戴斯蒙德·道斯也做一些力所能及的活来补贴家用。多萝西后来因乳腺癌和车祸去世，戴斯蒙德·道斯1993年再婚，2006年去世。

信仰是人精神意义上赖以存在的基础，是我们平衡物欲的工具。大多数人选择的是符合社会主流价值的、更容易生存下来的信仰。而如果选择偏离主流的信仰，我们为了捍卫信仰所付出的努力就注定要比其他人更多一些，这条路也会坎坷崎岖。

看完Hacksaw Ridge我想起爸妈以前总叮嘱我的一句话：人不能太怪。虽然多年来一直被这么警告着，我还是选择做了一个怪人：内心深处，比起来自社会的评判标准，我更相信通过自我审视得出来的一套理论。我想，如果不是冒着枪林弹雨救了几十条人命，成为人人景仰的英雄，Desmond Doss在他人的眼里也一样只是个普通的怪人：身为一个军人宁愿蹲监狱也不肯拿枪。不了解他的人只会简单地把这个信仰误解为懦夫行为。

每个人不同的经历一定程度上造就了我们不同的信仰，各种各样的信仰又让我们成为了不同的人。Desmond小时候打架用砖头砸晕自己兄弟后仿佛接受神谕一般正好看到了墙上的十诫之一：不可杀人。长大后他对醉酒施暴的父亲举枪，虽未按下扳机，但也感受到自己戾气的可怕。这些经历让他坚定了从此绝不碰枪的信仰。经历的不同多少让我们成为彼此眼中的怪人。

Desmond严格执行自己不杀人的原则，到底要的是什么，也许他自己也无法说出个究竟。是反对暴力吗？不尽然。你也许会注意到：其实Desmond并不反对战争，并不反对他人杀人。他上战场做医疗兵虽是救人性命，但实质上也是为杀人的人服务。有段情节更能说明这点，在救援负伤的中士时，Desmond用一块布拖着中士，一边自己在前飞奔带他撤离战场，一边让他开枪射杀追上来的日本人。这有点“救命我来，杀人你去”的态度。可见他理解战争的意义，并不绝对反对杀戮。他只是自己下不了手，因为这是他自己的信仰。

说起来有趣，信仰似乎并不是理性的，有时候也没有逻辑，但正是这种不完全理性让信仰成为了我们自由意志的证明。很多时候我们坚持信仰的理由太脆弱，只是刚好够说服自己一个人而已。所以Desmond并没有成为向世界宣扬非暴力的圣人，也并不去阻止他人杀戮。“不杀”只是他给自己一个人定下的原则而已（同时也是他作为基督复临安息日会信徒的教条，但并不矛盾）。这些信念让我们成为了和别人不同的人，也让我们感受到自己是独立的个体，而不是随着社会既定程序运行的一个零件。

我们身在社会中，特别是影片中战场这样极端的环境，为了服从秩序，个人的信仰就变得难以捍卫。社会对每个人的行为有预设的期待，军营更是需要绝对服从的地方。过于纵容每个人按照自己的信仰各行其是必然导致社会运行的低效，这个道理谁都懂，不过多讨论。

但我仍相信社会既需要秩序，也需要自由和包容。我们宁愿看到那些闪耀着人性光辉却稍显离经叛道的信仰被温柔以待，而不是每个人都道貌岸然地标榜一致的道德标准，内心深处却各怀鬼胎。我也可以预料到会有一堆热血军事宅会在评论区大喊：打仗就是要冷血，纵容圣母婊大家都玩完。Desmond的不朽事迹就是给这些绝对化的论断一个响亮的耳光。他让我们看到：即使是偏离主流的个人信仰，仍然可以通过执行者的诚意和努力被主流社会认可。因为这种个人信仰和社会主流价值观的最终目的是一样的：为了更多人的福祉以及最终的和平。

因此影片也在时刻地提醒我们不要忘了战争的目的是为了和平。作为战争片，Hacksaw Ridge所展现的战场上宛如地狱般的残酷气氛和以往战争片所渲染的紧张刺激感是风格迥异的。我相信这种写实的表现手法就是为了告诉我们：战场不是一个为了展现英雄主义而存在的有趣的地方，我们只是在万不得已的情况下被迫用战争手段来捍卫和平。正因为善良的人们秉持着这样的信念走上战场，Desmond的不杀信念才能在夹缝中最终生存下来，也让他最终有证明自己的机会。

但是坚持自己的信仰从来都不是那么可以乐观的事。影片在表现个人信仰与集体秩序的矛盾方面还是显得有些理想化。其中两个细节我个人就觉得有点过。一段是全连士兵花十分钟时间等Desmond做完周六祈祷再发动进攻。一段是在战局紧张之际Desmond却坚持让人帮他取回掉落的圣经。这两个情节固然体现了Desmond重新赢得了他人的尊重甚至反过来动摇了集体的价值观，但从实际情况来说，如果真这么做，也许会影响战局或危急他人生命。所以我觉得这两点在战争中并不是可以向个人信仰妥协的部分。而另一点比较可悲的是，前半部分Desmond可以幸免军事法庭的裁决，其实一部分也是靠了老爸老战友的关系。现实比理想还是要残酷太多，社会发展到今天这一步，并不会给偏离主流的个人信仰太多生存空间。我们应该意识到，比起Desmond，有更多人在维护自己信仰的战斗中最终消亡或者屈服，并没有熬到那个让自己来得及发声的时刻。

因此作为少数闪现了信仰光辉的个例，Desmond的故事更值得为人传颂。这样的壮举需要将生死置之度外的勇气。对Desmond来说，信仰和纪律的斗争就已经够激烈了，生命只能远远地排在后面。所以当上尉问他你能为这场战争做什么的时候，他的回答是我已经准备好了献出生命。上尉告诉他：你的命没法帮我们打赢这场战争。 但我想说：他救回来的那些命可以。